NAD+ plays a vital role in redox reactions and sirtuin activation
In published research protocols, BPC-157 has been studied across a dosing range of 1-10 mcg/kg in animal models, with the majority of positive results observed at doses between 2-10 mcg/kg administered intraperitoneally or subcutaneously
If you have any sort of GI issue (GERD, reflux, SIBO/SIFO, yeast problems, chronic constipation, etc.) you will have problems taking oral forms of vitamin B12
The difference between adding 1mL and 2mL of bacteriostatic water does not change the total amount of peptide in the vial, but it dramatically changes how precisely you can measure each dose and how many weeks that vial will last in your refrigerator
Other orthobiologics such as stem cell therapy or PRP, even newly developed cell editing drugs like Invossa for knee osteoarthritis have robust safety data in humans and ongoing randomized controlled trials to determine their efficacy