PMID 33177239
Certain populations face higher deficiency risk: vegetarians and vegans (B12 is primarily found in animal products), adults over 50 (decreased stomach acid reduces B12 absorption), individuals with digestive disorders like Crohn's disease or celiac disease, and those taking medications like metformin or proton pump inhibitors
This might include mild nausea, a sense of bloating, or slight changes in bowel habits
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However, its metabolic conversion by gut microbiota into TMAO raises significant concerns due to the association of elevated TMAO levels with cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, MI, stroke, and HF