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fatty acid metabolism - carnitine is necessary for the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane so that they can be used for energy production
It is known that a widespread characteristic of tumors is their inability to develop adequate blood vessels with the consequence being relative hypoxia: at moderate levels, ROS induce transcription of HIF1, the founding member of the family of hypoxia-induced factors, and stabilize the encoded protein, which is normally hydroxylated within less than 5 min, by inhibiting the activity of the iron-dependent prolyl 4-hydroxylase (PHD) involved in its degradation 29
When mitophagy is dysregulated, damaged mitochondria accumulate, resulting in mitochondrial DNA damage, ROS amplification, energetic collapse, and cardiomyocyte death
Multicenter and large sample clinical trials should be conducted in as many regions as possible, to explore which interventions work best when combined with L-carnitine
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