Eligibility depends on specific criteria and local NHS commissioning arrangements
Injection: Picking Your Route Subcutaneous injection: More established route 45 to 60 minute onset 4 to 6 hour duration More precise dose delivery Requires self-injection (subcutaneous, small needle, simple technique) Intranasal: Faster onset (20 to 45 minutes) 3 to 5 hour duration (slightly shorter) No needles Dose precision is reasonable but less exact than injection Some patients find the nasal experience uncomfortable or report a bitter taste Where this falls apart is overthinking it
The structural difference is a single amino acid substitution at the first position: GHK-Cu uses glycine (Gly-His-Lys:Cu), while AHK-Cu uses alanine (Ala-His-Lys:Cu)
Side Effects and How Supervision Reduces Risk GLP-1 side effects are usually digestive, mainly nausea, constipation, and reflux, and they are often dose related and manageable with a slow titration and simple habits
Theoretical concerns exist for individuals with active cancer due to angiogenic properties, though research hasn't identified increased cancer risk