Headaches: Some users report headaches, particularly when starting the peptide or increasing doses
Controlled studies are ongoing, but present data do favor microbiome modulation as an adjunct therapy
and Mayo, L.M., "GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of alcohol use disorder," Journal of Clinical Investigation, May 1, 2025, doi: 10.1172/JCI192414 Hendershot, C.S., et al, "Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial," JAMA Psychiatry, April 1, 2025, doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4789 Wang, W., et al, "Association of Semaglutide With Tobacco Use Disorder in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes : Target Trial Emulation Using Real-World Data," Annals of Internal Medicine, Aug
Fasting gastric volume affects the rate of emptying of a liquid challenge (51)
Researchers must weigh whether the brain delivery benefits outweigh the potential loss of peripheral glucagon signaling