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Women with low vitamin B12 levels may experience tiredness, weakness, or reduced concentration

Medical Conditions, Surgeries, and Medications Lack of intrinsic factor (a protein made in the stomach thats needed for B12 absorption) - this condition is called pernicious anemia Thyroid disease HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes, where the immune system in the body attacks its own tissues Gastric bypass surgery (weight loss surgery) Chronic gastritis surgery Certain medications like heartburn drugs (proton pump inhibitors) which reduce stomach acid production Who Is At Risk of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Furthermore, the study confirmed that UA enhances mitophagy through activation of the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)- Parkinson protein (Parkin) pathway and modulates phosphorylated ubiquitin levels

Low levels of both can point to broader malabsorption

Tissues were incubated in enzyme mix (Miltenyi Biotec, spleen dissociation kit, 130-095-926) at 37 C for 1530 min with agitation every 5 min to promote enzymatic digestion of extracellular matrix proteins