Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), secreted by retinal astrocytes, plays an essential role in maintaining BRB integrity, with receptors for GDNF expressed on endothelial cells in the retina [157, 158], and across other tissues such as the BBB [159]
These include identifying high-risk scenarios (such as holidays or social events), developing coping strategies, and rehearsing how to handle setbacks constructively
Medication discontinuation : If topiramate needs to be stopped, it should be gradually tapered rather than abruptly discontinued to reduce the risk of seizures, even in patients without epilepsy
Closing Thoughts Keep in mind that this article was written for informational purposes only, and is not intended to substitute or replace medical advice from your provider
I am 5lbs of my goal and feel great