Ferulic acid (FA), the main active component isolated from Angelica sinensis , has been documented to increase the levels of GSH and the expression of GPX in the myocardium by upregulating AMPK2 and activating Nrf2 signaling [41, 165]
However, like all medications, it may cause side effects, and patients should be fully informed about potential adverse reactions before commencing treatment
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Another limitation of the studies was the use of different comparators ranging from placebo controls to other medications for T2DM (including insulin), which have different effects on bone tissue and were included in only one group, misleading the interpretation
Preclinical trials conducted on rats demonstrate measurable improvements in transected tendon reattachment and Achilles tendon rupture models, though human clinical data remain limited