"Smaller players will likely need to demonstrate either superior tolerability, novel indication-specific efficacy, meaningfully different dosing convenience, or combination strategies that address limitations of current agents, particularly muscle loss, rather than simply competing on weight-loss magnitude alone," says Nadolsky
A study demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of liraglutide, a commercially available GLP-1RA, on neuronal cells from H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, enhancing cell viability
Furthermore, GLP1-RA is known to be associated with decreased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in the general diabetes population 19,20,21 , but real-world data in patients with moderate to advanced kidney disease is limited
GLP-1RAs can suppress local inflammation caused by agonistic anti-CD3 antibody through intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) (Wong et al., 2022)
At ACR Convergence 2025 , additional research reinforced the picture