Medical professionals should review its safety and effectiveness before recommending it
It works through three parallel mechanisms: stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, suppressing glucagon release from alpha cells, and slowing gastric emptying to increase satiety
Traditionally, treating metabolic syndrome requires 35 separate medications: a statin, a blood pressure drug, metformin, a triglyceride-lowering agent, and possibly aspirin
The reason: microneedling increases absorption up to 10-fold
Exendin-4 has been shown to reduce advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced interleukin (IL)-6 and TNF- production, the expression of receptor for AGE (RAGE), and cell death in mesangial cells (Wang et al., 2014)